Istituto Di Candiolo Fondazione Del Piemonte Per Loncologia IRCCS
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Candiolo, Italy
Rare diseases
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A plain-language summary of the goals, design and what participants do
The study focuses on early breast cancer, including the subtypes known as TNBC, HER2+, HR+ and HER2‑. Its purpose is to evaluate whether a response‑adapted de‑escalated neoadjuvant approach can achieve a complete disappearance of detectable cancer cells (pCR) and to assess risk‑adapted therapy based on genomic risk categories such as OncotypeDX.
Participants receive a combination of oral and infused medicines that may include ribociclib, tamoxifen citrate, capecitabine, exemestane, letrozole, docetaxel, epirubicin hydrochloride, anastrozole, pembrolizumab, trastuzumab, paclitaxel, pertuzumab, carboplatin, trastuzumab emtansine, abemaciclib and cyclophosphamide monohydrate. Before and after treatment, imaging with MRI and a small tissue sample taken by image‑guided biopsy are used to check for any remaining disease, and a laboratory marker called KI67 is measured to see how the tumor is responding.
The trial begins with screening visits, followed by several cycles of the assigned medicines over a few months, after which surgery is performed. Patients are then monitored regularly for up to several years to record whether the cancer returns, to track overall health and survival, and to collect information on side effects and quality of life using simple questionnaires.
The trial runs in 5 steps – from screening to follow-up. Each step says what happens and what the team monitors.
10 criteria
6 criteria
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Candiolo, Italy
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is a pill that blocks proteins (CDK4/6) that help certain breast cancer cells grow. It is used together with hormone therapy for cancers that need estrogen to grow.
is a tablet that blocks estrogen receptors on breast cancer cells, preventing estrogen from helping the tumor grow. It is used for cancers that are sensitive to hormones.
is an oral chemotherapy that the body changes into a drug that stops cancer cells from dividing. It is often given after surgery or for cancers that have spread.
is a pill that reduces the amount of estrogen the body makes, which can slow the growth of hormone‑dependent breast cancers.
works like exemestane by lowering estrogen levels, helping to treat breast cancers that need estrogen to grow.
is a chemotherapy drug given through an IV. It interferes with the way cancer cells divide, helping to shrink tumors.
This oral tablet is taken by mouth and works as a CDK4/6 inhibitor, slowing down cancer cell growth. It is an approved medicine widely used for hormone‑positive, HER2‑negative breast cancer and is well described in clinical studies. It blocks enzymes called cyclin‑dependent kinases that control cell division. Pharmacologically it belongs to the class of cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitors.
This film‑coated tablet is swallowed and acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, blocking estrogen signals in breast tissue. Tamoxifen is an established, approved therapy for many types of breast cancer and has a long history in medical literature. It attaches to estrogen receptors and prevents estrogen from stimulating cancer cells. It is classified as a SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator).
Taken as an oral tablet, capecitabine is a pro‑drug that is converted in the body to 5‑fluorouracil, a chemotherapy that stops DNA building in cancer cells. It is an approved treatment for metastatic and early‑stage breast cancer and is well documented in research. The drug interferes with the production of DNA and RNA, preventing tumor cells from multiplying. It belongs to the class of antimetabolite chemotherapies.
This oral film‑coated tablet is an aromatase inhibitor that reduces the amount of estrogen made by the body. Exemestane is approved for post‑menopausal women with hormone‑sensitive breast cancer and is widely studied. It blocks the enzyme aromatase, lowering estrogen levels that can feed cancer growth. Pharmacologically it is an irreversible aromatase inhibitor.
Administered as an oral tablet, letrozole is another aromatase inhibitor that lowers estrogen production. It is an approved and commonly used drug for hormone‑positive breast cancer in post‑menopausal women. By inhibiting aromatase, it cuts off the supply of estrogen that tumors need to grow. It is classified as a non‑steroidal aromatase inhibitor.
Given by intravenous infusion, docetaxel is a taxane chemotherapy that stabilizes microtubules and stops cancer cells from dividing. It is an approved drug for breast cancer and many other solid tumors, with extensive clinical data. The medication binds to tubulin, preventing the microtubule network from breaking down during cell division. It belongs to the taxane class of antimitotic agents.
Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. It typically begins as a lump in the breast and can grow locally. Over time it may invade surrounding tissue and spread to nearby lymph nodes. If unchecked, cancer cells can travel through the bloodstream to distant sites such as the lungs, liver, or bones. The disease often shows rapid growth compared to other subtypes.
HER2‑positive breast cancer is a breast cancer that overexpresses the HER2 protein. It starts in the breast ducts or lobules and tends to grow more quickly than HER2‑negative cancers. Cancer cells can infiltrate surrounding tissue and spread to regional lymph nodes. Later, tumor cells may disseminate to distant organs. The HER2 signal drives cell division and tumor expansion.
Hormone receptor‑positive HER2‑negative breast cancer expresses estrogen or progesterone receptors but lacks excess HER2 protein. It usually begins as a slow‑growing tumor in the breast. The tumor can extend into nearby tissue and involve sentinel lymph nodes. Over time, cancer cells may travel to distant sites, often bone. Hormone signaling supports its gradual progression.
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